Carl Dalhammar

Key Messages:
•The realisation of a Circular Economy will require first and foremost new business models
•‘Circular’ business models will usually require policy support in order to scale up due to the barriers they encounter
•Policy interventions include both traditional and non-traditional approaches
•More research is needed to examine what policy interventions ‘circular’ businesses need in order to scale up
•Several policy areas need further research to advance, including eco-design for durability and repairability, waste rules and the effective functioning of waste markets, consumer and intellectual property laws, producer responsibility and take-back systems for repair and remanufacturing, and economic instruments for promoting repair and remanufacturing